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LoginThe Trilateral Commission is a private organization, established to foster closer cooperation among the United States, Europe and Japan. It was founded in July 1973 at the initiative of David Rockefeller, who was Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations at that time. The Trilateral Commission is widely seen as a counterpart to the Council on Foreign Relations.[1]
Established
Speaking at the Chase Manhattan International Financial Forums in London, Brussels, Montreal, and Paris, Rockefeller proposed the creation of an International Commission of Peace and Prosperity in early 1972 (which would later become the Trilateral Commission). At the 1972 Bilderberg meeting, the idea was widely accepted, but elsewhere, it got a cool reception. According to Rockefeller, the organization could "be of help to government by providing measured judgment."
Zbigniew Brzezinski,[2] a professor at Columbia University and a Rockefeller advisor who was a specialist on international affairs, left his post to organize the group along with:
Henry D. Owen (a Foreign Policy Studies Director with the Brookings Institution)
George S. Franklin
Robert R. Bowie (of the Foreign Policy Association and Director of the Harvard Center for International Affairs)
Gerard C. Smith (Salt I negotiator, Rockefeller in-law, and its first North American Chairman)
Marshall Hornblower (former partner at Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering)
William Scranton (former Governor of Pennsylvania)
Edwin Reischauer (a professor at Harvard)
Max Kohnstamm (European Policy Centre)
Other founding members included Alan Greenspan and Paul Volcker, both eventually heads of the Federal Reserve system.
Funding for the group came from David Rockefeller, the Charles F. Kettering Foundation, and the Ford Foundation.
[edit]Activity history
In July 1972, Rockefeller called his first meeting, which was held at Rockefeller's Pocantico compound in New York's Hudson Valley. It was attended by about 250 individuals who were carefully selected and screened by Rockefeller and represented the very elite of finance and industry.
Its first executive committee meeting was held in Tokyo in October 1973. The Trilateral Commission was officially initiated, holding biannual meetings.
A Trilateral Commission Task Force Report, presented at the 1975 meeting in Kyoto, Japan, called An Outline for Remaking World Trade and Finance, said: "Close Trilateral cooperation in keeping the peace, in managing the world economy, and in fostering economic development and in alleviating world poverty, will improve the chances of a smooth and peaceful evolution of the global system." Another Commission document read:
"The overriding goal is to make the world safe for interdependence by protecting the benefits which it provides for each country against external and internal threats which will constantly emerge from those willing to pay a price for more national autonomy. This may sometimes require slowing the pace at which interdependence proceeds, and checking some aspects of it. More frequently however, it will call for checking the intrusion of national government into the international exchange of both economic and non-economic goods."Current Chairmen
North America: Joseph S. Nye, Jr., University Distinguished Service Professor and former Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA;
former Chair, National Intelligence Council and former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs .[8]Europe: Peter Sutherland, Irish businessman and former politician associated with the Fine Gael party; former Attorney General of Ireland and European Commissioner in the first Delors Commission; former Director General of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the precursor to the World Trade Organization;
Chairman of BP and Goldman Sachs International.[9]
Pacific Asia: Yotaro Kobayashi, Chief Corporate Adviser, Fuji Xerox Company, Ltd.;[10]
Board member of Callaway Golf Company, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT),
Sony Corporation, and American Productivity & Quality Center ; life-time trustee of Keizai Doyukai (Japan Association of Corporate Executives) ; Chairman of the Aspen Institute, Japan .[11][12]
See also: You are not allowed to view links.
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LoginStandard Oil was a predominant American integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world[3] and operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations until it was broken up by the United States Supreme Court in 1911. John D. Rockefeller was a founder, chairman and major shareholder, and the company made him the richest man in modern history.
excerpt:
World War II
In 1941, an investigation exposed a "marriage" cartel between United States-based Standard Oil Co. and I.G. Farben.[19][20] (see[21] and[22]) It also brought new evidence concerning complex price and marketing agreements between DuPont, a major investor in and producer of leaded gasoline, U.S. Industrial Alcohol Co. and their subsidiary, Cuba Distilling Co. The investigation was eventually dropped, like dozens of others in many different kinds of industries, due to the need to enlist industry support in the war effort. However, the top directors of many oil companies agreed to resign and oil industry stocks in molasses companies were sold off as part of a compromise worked out. (see[23][24] but see[25])
IG Farben built a factory (named Buna Chemical Plant) for producing synthetic petroleum and rubber (from coal) in Auschwitz, which was the beginning of SS activity and camps in this location during the Holocaust. At its peak in 1944, this factory made use of 83,000 slave laborers.[26] The pesticide Zyklon B, for which IG Farben held the patent, was manufactured by Degesch (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung), which IG Farben owned 42.2 percent of (in shares) and which had IG Farben managers in its Managing Committee. Zyklon B is the primary form of gas used throughout WWII in German death camps.
By 1911, with public outcry at a climax, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Standard Oil must be dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act and split into 34 companies.
The successor companies from Standard Oil's breakup form the core of today's US oil industry. (Several of these companies were considered among the Seven Sisters who dominated the industry worldwide for much of the twentieth century.) They include:
Standard Oil of New Jersey (SONJ) - or Esso (S.O.) – renamed Exxon, now part of ExxonMobil. Standard Trust companies Carter Oil, Imperial Oil (Canada), and Standard of Louisiana were kept as part of Standard Oil of New Jersey after the breakup.
Standard Oil of New York – or Socony, merged with Vacuum – renamed Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil.
Standard Oil of California – or Socal – renamed Chevron, became ChevronTexaco, but returned to Chevron.
Standard Oil of Indiana - or Stanolind, renamed Amoco (American Oil Co.) – now part of BP.
Standard's Atlantic and the independent company Richfield merged to form Atlantic Richfield or ARCO, now part of BP. Atlantic operations were spun off and bought by Sunoco.
Standard Oil of Kentucky – or Kyso was acquired by Standard Oil of California - currently Chevron.
Continental Oil Company – or Conoco now part of ConocoPhillips.
Standard Oil of Ohio – or Sohio, acquired by BP in 1987.
The Ohio Oil Company – or The Ohio, and marketed gasoline under the Marathon name. The company is now known as Marathon Oil Company, and was often a rival with the in-state Standard spinoff, Sohio.
and since we all love us some 7s around here: You are not allowed to view links.
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excerpt:
The Seven Sisters was a term coined by Italian politician Enrico Mattei to refer to seven Anglo-American oil companies that formed the "Consortium for Iran" and dominated the petroleum industry after World War II.[1] This group included: Standard Oil of New Jersey and Standard Oil Company of New York now ExxonMobil; Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil and Texaco now Chevron; Royal Dutch Shell; and Anglo-Persian Oil Company now BP. The dominance of the Seven sisters was challenged in the 1950s and 1960s by Mattei's restructuring of the Italian company Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), the concessions it earned in the Middle East and it's strategic alliances including those with the Soviet Union.[2]
The "New Seven Sisters"
On 11 March 2007, the Financial Times identified the "New Seven Sisters", the most influential and mainly state-owned national oil and gas companies from countries outside the OECD. They are:
Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)
JSC Gazprom (Russia)
CNPC (China)
NIOC (Iran)
PDVSA (Venezuela)
Petrobras (Brazil)
Petronas (Malaysia)
The FT article notes that Pemex of Mexico is excluded from such a list.[1]
The term Big Oil, or Supermajor, is used to describe nowadays the biggest and richest non-state owned companies: ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, Chevron, Total and ConocoPhillips. Since the 7 sisters are parts of these companies (Esso and Mobil as ExxonMobil, Chevron, Texaco and Gulf Oil as Chevron, Shell and BP), the term is much more used than the Financial Times "New Seven Sisters".
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LoginThis is why a Rockefeller will always be in the Bilderberg group. And at the top of the pyramid at that.
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) for the Obama presidential campaign: